Apparatus for controlling the condition of operation of vehicles or the like



Marh 9, 1943.

H. S. BENJAMIN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE CONDITION OF OPERATION OF VEHICLES OR THE LIKE 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April .INVENTOR 181; any Sayre B ezy'amin ATTORN $7 March 1943 H. s. BENJAMIN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE CONDITION OF OPERATION OF VEHICLES OR THE LIKE Filed Aprll 16, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 \o 9. y Sayre Benjamin v ATTORNEYS March 9, 1943. H. s. BENJAMIN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE CONDITION OF OPERATION OF VEHICLES OR THE LIKE Filed April 16, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 ":gVENTOR H1177 a re Ben 'amin,

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' ATTORNEYS March 9, 1943 H. S. BENJAMIN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE CONDITION OF OPERATION OF VEHICLES OR THE LIKE Filed April 16, 1940 Han 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR y Sayre Benjamin ATTO I R March 9, 1943. H. s. BENJAMIN 2,313,505

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE CONDITION OF OPERATION OF VEHICLES OR THE LIKE Filed April 16, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 ma /7 175 m1,

INVENTOR g y l eiy'amin m M -r/ ATTORNEYS March 9, 1943. H, s. BENJAMIN 2,313,505

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE CONDITION OF OPERATION OF VEHICLES OR THE LIKE v Filed April 16, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 ATTORN EY March 9, 1943. H. SBENJAMIN 2,313,505

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE CONDITION OF OPERATION OF VEHICLES OR THE LIKE March 9, 1943. H. s. BENJAMIN 2,313,505

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE CONDITION OF OPERATION OF VEHICLES OR THE LIKE Filed April 16, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 W W .H U, 18% A A m P n n n n m n 8% m @m 2 a a 8? 5M 5 m E g H E m m mm 0 l9 2% ma 5 m w/ n I I m W5 M am m2 5 R w/m, 8 Q 3 .1 mm Q a a MW 9% m H16 i 2% gm W 8m H 8.1 H fi a Q? E 5? H H h 0% 5w mmw wmw m 3% 1 mi\\V MSW. 2N :P bm j a X10 I I NIWTA m fiwm ms PW! mmm, U E 3% M 3% mm Q LQ E; SN @Qvf L m; allk l Patented Mar. 9, 19.43

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE CON DITION OF OPERATION OF VEHICLES OR THE LIK E Harry Sayre Bendamin, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Application April 16, 1940, Serial No. 329,886

24 Claims. This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for controlling a condition of operation of a vehicle or the like.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide apparatus for controlling an operative condition of a vehicle'or the like, which is relatively simple and sturdy in construction, and which is thoroughly reliable under conditions of rigorous use and for extended periods of time. Another object of this invention is to provide a method of controlling an operative condition of a vehicle or the like, such as for example the speed of an automobile, by which such operative condition can be sensitively controlled with a minimum of manual attention. Other objects will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, arrangements of parts and in the several steps and relation and order of each of the same to one or more of the others, all as will be illustratively described herein, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the drawings, in which is shown an embodiment of my invention, I

Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the interior of an automobile, the dashboard of which has installed thereon my control apparatus;

Figure 2 is an enlarged elevation of a part of' the apparatus shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an enlarged elevation of a switch shown in Figure 1;

Figure 4 is an enlarged top plan view of the operator in my control apparatus;

Figure 4A is a fragmentary elevation of a portion of the apparatus shown in Figure 4;

Figure 5 is a front elevation of the operator;

Figure 6 is a schematic view showing a portion of the operator in one position;

Figure '7 is a view similar to Figure 6, but showing the portion of the operator in another position;

Figure 8 is a rear elevation of the operator;

Figure 9 is a side elevation of the operator;

Figure 9A is a fragmentary sectional elevation taken along the line 9A9A of Figure 9;

Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional elevation taken along the line |0l0 of Figure 4;

Figure 11 is a fragmentary elevation of the other end of the operator;

Figure 11A is a fragmentary sectional elevation taken along line IIAI IA of Figure 11;

Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectional elevation taken along the line l2-|2 of Figure 4;

Figure 13 is a horizontal section of a speedometer forming a part of my apparatus;

Figure 14 is a sectional elevation taken along the line I 4-H of Figure 13;

Figure 15 is an enlarged sectional elevation of a switch operated by the speedometer shown in Figures 13 and 14; 0

.Figure 16 is a horizontal section taken along the line l6|6 of Figure 15;

Figure 17 is a horizontal section taken along the line l1ll of Figure 15;

Figure 17A is a section taken along line 11A-41A of Figure 16; an

Figure 18 is a wiring diagram showing electrical circuits for my control apparatus,

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

In the operation of an automobile, for example, it is quite diificult, if not impossible, to maintainthe speed of the car at a desired level, particularly over a hilly road, and for an extended period of time. In endeavoring to do so, the driver is considerably fatigued and is subjected to considerable eye strain from the necessity of constantly glancing at the speedometer to make repeated checks on his speed.

Furthermore, the driver is always opening or closing the throttle excessively in his attempt to maintain a constant speed, and this type of carburetor actuation is wasteful of gasoline.

Various types of apparatus have been devised in an endeavor effectively to control car speed in such a way as to maintain it at a level, but few, if any of these devices have attained any appreciable success because of lack of sensitivity, and because they are unable both to control the car speed and yet be of such a nature that the car can be operated independently thereof at any desired instant. These control devices, furthermore, are relatively inflexible in operation and result in over-shooting and under-shooting the desired speed to such an extent as to render them practically useless for their intended purpose. Such control devices of the nature here under consideration have been characterized by their wastefulness of fuel, as their lack of sensitivity resulted in a failure to meter minutely the fuel so as to deliver only the required amount thereof to maintain the desired speed of the car up or down a grade. It is obvious that inconsistent driving speeds result in varying motor temperatures in excess of the necessary minimum temperature, which results in a wastage of oil from evaporation. As noted, these control devices are incapable of gradually metering the fuel as required, and hence permit excess fuel flow to the engine, the excess power fromwhich results in undue and unnecessary expenditure of energy which in turn contributes to a premature wearing of parts and consequently an earlier obsolescence thereof. It is accordingly another object of .my invention to provide a method of and apparatus for controlling the speed of a car which obviate the above difficulties, in addition to many others.

Referring now to Figure 1, an automobile dashboard 28 is provided with a conventional instrument panel 2|, on which are mounted the usual instruments found on such adashboard. The several mechanisms which comprise mycontrol device may be mounted on the rear of the dashboard or, if desired, on the front of the dashboard in the engine compartment. These mechanisms include a governor actuated device, generally indicated at 22, such as a speedometer, operatively connected as by a flexible cable 23 to stepped up gearing (not shown) which is in turn connected to the automobile transmission (not shown) so that the flexible cable is driven at a desirably increased rate of rotation relative to the rate of rotation of the normally driven speedometer shaft.

As will be described later, speedometer 22 includes among other things an adjustable switch, operable from the cars interior by a knurled knob 24 connected to the switch by a rod 25 extending into the speedometer casing. Knob 24 also includes a pointer 26 movable over a scale 21 suitably graduated in miles per hour.

Rod 25 also has secured thereto a slotted cam 28 (Figure 2) in the slot 29 of which is disposed a pin or follower 30. Pin 38 is connected to a link 3| mounted for sliding movement in suitable guides formed in a strap 32 or the like, suitably mounted back of the dashboard (Figure 1). Strap 32 includes a bent-in lip 33 having a hole 34 formed therein, through which extends a wire 35 connected to link 3| as by a screw clamp 36 or the like. Wire 35 extends into a housing 580 or the like in which is disposed the operator of my control apparatus, wire 35 being connected to an adjustable part therein, as will be described in detail hereinbelow.

As noted above, speedometer 22 includes an adjustable switch and also includes other circuit elements, all of which are connected to suitable terminals in a terminal box 31 by a cable 38. The terminals in terminal box 31 are connected to their respective electrical elements in operator housing 580 by a cable 39.

The operator in housing 508 is connected to an accelerometer 48 by a wire 4|, and to a carburetor lever or bell crank 42 by a wire 43 suitably guided around antifriction devices such as pulleys 44. The operator in housing 508 is conditioned for operation by means of a foot pedal generally indicated at 45, depression of which effects actuation of the operator by means of a wire 46 connected thereto.

Practically all modern cars are equipped with a foot accelerator, actuation of which prescribes a definite and often unnatural posture on the part of the driver, from which he cannot readily move without either taking his foot from the accelerator, depressing or releasing it. The distance between the accelerator pedal and the back of the front seat of the car, while adjustable in many cases, is more or less predetermined by the car manufacturer, and this distance is not always suited to the length of the driver's legs. While many car seats are adjustable, their adjustment is provided primarily to permit free movement of the arms with relation to the steering wheel, rather than to accommodate the driver's leg length to the accelerator pedal. Hence, it may be seen that foot pedal 45 may be located as desired beneath the steering wheel of the car on the floorboard thereof so as to relieve the unnatural and fatigue-producing attitude which the driver otherwise assumes in operating the foot accelerator.

Referring now to Figure 13, speedometer 22 includes a cylindrical casing 41, from the lower portion of which extends a boss 48 or the like (Figure 14) which rotatably mounts one end of a shaft 49 adapted to be connected to flexible cable 23. The other end of shaft 49 is suitably mounted in a ball bearing 50 carried on the side of casing 41. Shaft 49 (Figure 14) has secured to the left end thereof a worm 5| which rotates with the shaft and drives a gear 52, in turn mounted on a shaft or rotor 53, the lower end of which is journaled in a boss 54 extending from the bottom of casing 41, and the upper end of which extends through and is journaled in a bracket 55 secured to the side of casing 41. The upper end 53a of shaft 53 has secured thereto adielectric disc 56 on opposite sides of which are mounted cresoent- 1 shaped contact plates 51 and 58 (see also Figure 13). Plates 51 and 58 (Figure 14) are connected.

by one or more pins 59, which serve not only to hold the plates on disc 56, but also comprise a good electrical connection therebetween. Disc 56, and accordingly contact plates 51 and 58 are engaged by a pair of contacts 68 and 6| which are respectively mounted on spring arms 62 and 63. As is more clearly shown in Figure 13, spring arms 62 and 63 are connected respectively to terminals 64 and 65 mounted in a dielectric block 66 secured to the side of casing 41, the terminals in turn being connected to suitable conductors or wires 61 and 68.

The second pair of contacts 89 and 18 (Figure 14) are connected to spring arms 1| and 12, which are in turn mounted on a dielectric block 13 and electrically connected respectively to a pair of conductors or wires 14 and 15 in a manner similar to that described above in connection with spring arms 62 and 63. As contacts '60 and 6|. and contacts 69 and 18 are disposed on opposite sides of the axis of disc 56, the two pairs of contacts are intermittently engaged by contact plates 51 and 58 during rotation thereof. When either pair of contacts is so engaged, a circuit is completed between the spring arms 62 and '63, for example, by way of contacts 60 and 6|, plates 51 and 58 and pin 59. A circuit is similarly completed through spring arms 1| and 12,.and the purpose of these circuits will be described when the operation of my control apparatus is taken up in detail below.

Still referring to Figure 14, shaft 49 has loosely disposed thereon a sleeve 16 having annular ridges 11 regularly spaced therealong in the general form of a rack. The right-hand end of shaft 49, as viewed in Figure 13, has a pin 18 extending therethrough on the opposite ends of which are mounted respectively a pair of arms 19, 88 and 8|, 82. These arms, respectively, carry at their ends governor weights 83, 84, and 86. A pair of springs 81 and 88 are coiled about the opposite ends of pin 18, and the ends of these springs are connected to the governor weights -00 so as to bias the weights toward their open position as shown in Figure 14. Weights 03 and are connected as by links 09 and 90 to a collar 9I or the like. slidably mounted on shaft 49 and connected to sleeveor rack 10. Thus, during the rotation of shaft 49, the tendency of governor weights 9306 is to close against the bias of their opening springs, the amount of closing being a fimction of the rate of rotation of shaft 49 and accordingly of the car speed. as this shaft is connected to the transmission, as pointed out above. Movement of the governor weight is, of course, reflected in movement of sleeve 16 which moves to the right on shaft 49, as viewed in Figure 14, upon acceleration of the car, and moves to the left on the shaft during deceleration of the car.

Rack 16 meshes with a gear 92 Figure 13) connected to the lower end of a shaft 93, the opposite ends of which are suitably journaled in a flanged bracket 94. A gear or pinion 95, which is connected to the upper end of shaft 93, meshes with a pinion 90 secured to the lower end of a shaft 91 rotatably mounted in a bracket 98 suitably secured within casing 41. The gear ratio between pinions 95 and 96 is preferably on the order or 1 to 1, so that slight movement of rack 16 is translated by way of gears 92, shaft 93 and gear 95 into substantial angular movement of gear 96, and accordingly shaft 91. As noted above, shaft 49 is connected by way of cable 23 to the automobile transmission through the stepped up gears which afford an increase in speed of cable 23 over that of the automob le speedometer shaft on the order of approximately two rotations to one. Accordingly, the governor speed is also doubled in relation to the conventional speedometer cable when compared to the propeller shaft speed which renders the governor more sensitive to speed changes in th automobile, and this for a purpose which will appear below.

As noted above, shaft 91 (Figure 14) extends upwardly through bracket 98, and as is more clearly shown in Figure 15, has secured thereto a pair of inwardly facing cups 99 and I00, which are suitably spaced from one another, these cups accordingly rotating with shaft 91 upon actuation thereof. Cup 99 acts as a shield and anchor for a coil spring IOI, one end mm of which is anchored in the side of the cup. The inner end of spring I M is anchored to a hub I02, projecting from a plate I03 disposed in the upper end of cup 99, both hub I02 and plate I03 being rotatably mounted on shaft 91 to permit relative movement therebetween, and hence tensioning of spring IOI. Similarly, c'up I00 houses a coil spring I04, the outer end I04a of which is secured to the side of cup I90, and the inner end of which is anchored to a hub I05 extending from a plate I06, both the plate and hub being loosely mounted on the upper end of shaft 91 for movement relative to cup i 00 and accordingly to permit tensioning of spring I04.

Shaft 91 also carries a pair of stops I I0 and I01, which are adjustable about the shaft and which may be set in any desired position by set screws I08- and I09. Stops H6 and I01 are disposed on opposite sides of a block H0 or the like loosely mounted on shaft 91 so as to be capable of rotation relative thereto. Block IIO has securedthereto an arm III, one end of which carries a pin II2. This pin also extends through a pair of plates H3 and H4 which encircle shaft 91 and may be secured to the opposite sides of block H0 and to arm Ill so that the block arm plates and pin may be rotated about shaft :1 as a unit. As is shown in Figure 17A, plates I03 and I00 have projecting therefrom respectively lugs H5 and H1 and these lugs extend almost to plates H4 and H3 so that they lie in the paths of movement of stops I01 and H6. Lugs H5 and H1 are also engageable with the opposite ends of pin II2.

As hereinbefore noted, plates I03 and I06 are movable relative to shaft 91 and accordingly their respective lugs H5 and II 1 are similarly relatively movable thereto, and also relatively movable to stops I01 and H6. Lugs H5 and H1 are also movable relative to pin II2, which is in turn movable relative to stops I01 and H6, and

IN. Similarly, upon counterclockwise movement of shaft 91, stop IIG forces lug II1 of plate I00 (see Figure 17) counterclockwise against the bias of spring I04 (Figure As shown in Figure 14, a ring H8 is secured to the top of casing 41 and has an upper expanded annular portion I I9 adapted to close the open end of casing 41. A suitable bearing I2I formed on cover I rotatably receives a shaft I22, the inner end of which carries a disc I23. As shown in Figure 17, disc I23 has secured thereto a pair of blocks I24 and I25 formed of'suitg are mounted contacts screws I20 or the like.

able insulating material. As shown in Figure 15, these blocks may be secured to disc I23 as by carries a plurality of metallic pins I 21, I28 and I 29 whose outer ends I 21a, I28a and I 29a form suitable binding posts for the attachment of lead wires I30 (Figure 14). The inner ends I3I, I32 and I33 of pins I21, I29 and I29 are suitably shaped to form contacts, the purpose of which will be described below. 'Block I25 is substantially similar to block I24, and accordingly is provided with binding posts I34 nected as by a pin I4I to a block I42 secured to the end of arm III. The right-hand end of plate I40, as viewed in Figure 16, has a pair of upstanding lugs I43 and I44 on which respectively I45 and (Figure 15) extends downwardly from the righthand end of plate I40 between the free ends I48 and I49 of a spring I50 secured in any suitable manner along the top of arm III. Spring ends Plate I40 also has secured thereto and extendmg upwardly therefrom a post I5I on which is pivotally mounted a dielectric washer I 52 or Washer I52 in turn carries a substantially U-shaped support I53 having upstanding flanges or sides I54 and I55 (Figure 17) the of contacts I58 and I59. These contacts are all electrically connected by reason of their mounting in bracket I53, but are insulated from arm Block I24 (Figure 17)" able, and accordingly blocks I24 and I25 and III and the various elements carried thereby, by the dielectric washer I52. Preferably a spring wire I68 (Figure 15) is secured in'a blockv I6I mounted on the end of plate I48, wire I60 being curled upwardly and over the block to extend rearwardly and into a suitable hole formed in the base of bracket I53 substantially centrally thereof. The function of wire I68 (see Figure 16) is to maintain bracket I53 in axial alignment with plate I40.

It may now be seen that the several contacts carried on the outer end of arm III are positioned within the tapering space between blocks I I24 and I25 in such a manner that but slight movement of arm III counterclockwise, for example, causes engagement between movable contacts I56, I51, I45 (Figure 1'1) and stationary contacts I3I, I32 and I33. Similarly, clockwise movement of arm III engages movable contacts I58, I59 and I46, respectively, with-stationary contacts I31, I38 and I39. Furthermore, as the distance between stationary contacts I33 and I39 is less than that between the contacts in the ther.end of blocks I24 and I25, engagement between contacts I33 and I45, for example, will occur before engagement between contacts I32 and I51, for example. It may also be seen that through the ability of bracket I53 to swivel, the contacts it carries may readily engage their corresponding stationary contacts.

As noted above, disc I23 (Figure is rotatcontacts they carry may be adjusted about the axis of arm III, which is coaxial with shaft I22, and as arm III may be rotated about the axis of shaft 91 independently of the shaft, blocks I24 and I25 and the several contacts carried by arm I I I may be adjusted as desired for a purpose to be described hereinbelow. It should also be remembered that movement of shaft 91, and accordingly arm III, depends on the actuation of governor weights 83-86 (Figure 14). When the car is moving, these weights are in the position shown in Figure 14, and arm III is in the position shown in Figure 16, assuming that no adjustment has been made to blocks I24 and I25. If, however, these blocks have been adjusted to the 9 close circuits which result in acceleration of the ation of the movable contacts on arm III back a desired position by rotation of shaft I22 in disc I23, then the contacts I56, I51 and I45 are biased against contacts I3I, I32 and I33 (Figure 17) by the bias of spring IIJI acting through arm III, as described above. -Upon acceleration of the car, however, the governor is actuated to rotate shaft 91 clockwise, and when the shaft has rotated sufficiently for stop I81 (Figure 17) to engage lug H5 and move the lug slightly, the lug movement is transmitted to arm II I as heretofore described, and the contacts I56, I51 and I45 are moved away from their corresponding stationary contacts. If the car speed increases still further, then the bias exerted by the governor will further move arm III clockwise to effect engagement between arm contacts I58, I59 and I46 with stationary block contacts I31, I38 and I39. Further continued bias of the governor will, however, have no further effect on arm III because, as noted above, the arm is movable independently of shaft 91.

The contacts on arm III and on blocks, I24 and I25 are provided for the energization of the operator housed in housing 580 (Figure 1) and these contacts complete circuits for effecting such operation, all as will be described hereinbelow. It might be added, at this point, however, that the contacts in block I24, when engaged,

and forth between the stationary contacts and blocks I24 and I25. As arm III is highly sensitive to any variation in the condition of governor weights 83-86 (Figure 14) but slight variation in car speed is necessary to change the position of arm III (Figure 19) and accordingly the contacts carried thereby.

As is more clearly shown in Figure l, shaft I22 by which the position of blocks I24 and I25 (Figures 15 and 17) may be set, is coupled to shaft 25 (Figure 1) which as before described, is connected to knob 24. Thus the driver of the car, by setting knob 24, sets the contacts in speedometer 22 in any desired position, at which they are operative to maintain the car speed at the level selected.

Referring now to Figure 4, wherein a top plan view of the operator disposed in housing 500 (Figure 1) is shown, a base plate I62 forms the main support for the various elements which comprise the operator. A pair of supports I63 and I64 extend upwardly from plate I62 and journal therebetween a rotatable shaft I65, see also Figure 1 which is "maintained in proper position by a pair of collars I66 and I61 pinned thereto. A pair of clutch elements I68 and I69 are mounted on shaft I65, the former being rotatable relative thereto, and the latter being rotatable therewith, by reason of its connection thereto by a pin I1II. Clutch element I69 is peripherally toothed, and meshes with a pinion I1I (Figure 4) which is driven through suitable reduction gears generally indicated at I12, by a reversible electric motor I13. Clutch element I68 has projecting therefrom toward element I69 a plurality of pins I14 which are adapted to engage one or more of a plurality of dogs I15 secured to clutch element I69. Dogs I15 are pivotally mounted on clutch element I69 as by pins I16, and a suitable spring I11 (see also Figure 12) is provided for each of dogs I15 to bias each clockwise about its pivot so that normally the dogs remain in the attitude shown in Figure 4. Hence, when clutch elements I58 and I69 are engaged, and element I69 is driven clockwise, i. e., from left to right, as viewed in Figure 4, clutch pins I14 engage the free ends of dogs I15 to impart clockwise rotation to clutch element I68. While the clutch elements are in engagement, counterclockwise movement of clutch element I68 can occur only upon similar movement of element I69, element I68, however, always being free to rotate clockwise, regardless of whether the elements are engaged or not because of the ability of dogs I15 to pivot and accordingly overrun the clutch pins I14, this action being provided for a purpose to be described.

Referring to Figure 12. clutch element I68 is provided with a hub I18 having an annular groove I19 formed therein. This groove slidably receives on opposite sides of the hub a pair of pins I88 and I8I connected to the separated ends I82 and I83 of a yoke I84 (Figure 4) forming one arm of a bell crank lever generally indicated at I85, which is pivotally mounted on a post I92 or the like (Figure 4A) by a suitable screw I93 or the like. Bell crank lever I85 is biased clockwise, as viewed in Figure 4, as by a spring I86 connected at one end to yoke arm I84 of the lever, and at the other end to a suitable boss I81 or the like projecting from plate I62. Bell crank I85 also includes an arm I88 to the free end of which is secured cable 46 (see Figure this cable being trained around a pulley I89 or the like, and leading to foot pedal" (Figure 1). It will now appear that depression of foot pedal 46 tensions cable 46 (Figure 4) and causes counterclockwise movement of hell crank I85 to effect axial movement of clutch element I68 along shaft I65 until it engages clutch element I69 to be driven thereby.

Bell crank I85 includes a third arm I90 which carries a depending pin I9I at its free end, the pin preferably-being formed of suitable dielectric material. eUpon counterclockwise movement of bell crank I85 (Figure 4) to engage clutch elements I68 and I69, bell crank arm .I90 is also moved, this movement being utilized to close a main contact generally indicated at 201.

A leaf spring I94 (Figure 4A), which is clamped between a metallic conductor plate and a dielectric supportingblock I96 extends upwardly therefrom into the path of movement of dielectric pin I9I, the upper end of the leaf spring carrying a contact I91. A stationary contact I98 is mounted on the upper end of another leaf spring I99, which is held in an adjusted stationary position by a supporting leaf 200, leaves I99 and 200 being clamped between a metallic conductor plate 20I and a dielectric support 202 secured to a post 202a or the like extending from plate I62. Upon suilicient movement of pin I9I, contacts I91 and I99 engage to close the circuit to reversible motor I13 to actuate the operator. Thus foot pedal 45 (Figure l) by way of cable 46, bell crank I85 (Figure 4) arm I90 and pin l9l controls main contact 201.

Operation of the operator in one directioir'by motor I13 opens the carburetor of the automobile to increase the speed, whereas operation of the operator in reverse direction by the motor closes the carburetor to decrease the speed. This forward and reverse operation is reflectedin clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of shaft I65,

the shaft rotating counterclockwise during ac-- celeration and clockwise during deceleration, all as viewed in Figure 5. This operation of shaft I65 is utilized to prevent jamming of the mechanisms which comprise the operator in either direction of operation thereof. To this end a pinion 203 is mounted on the front end of shaft v2I6 are held respectively in good electrical contact with a pair of metallic conductor plates 2" and 2I8, which are supported in proper position and insulated from'one another by dielectric I65 as viewed in Figure 5, and this pinion meshes I with teeth formed on a reciprocable rack 204 guided between pairs of spaced rollers 205 and 206 rotatably mounted on support I64 extending upwardly from plate I62.

As is better shown in Figure 4, rack 204 includes an offset end 208 in which a pair of dielectric posts 209 and 2I0 are mounted. A pair of stop contacts generally indicated at 2 and 2I2 include portions positioned in'the path of movement of posts 209 and 2| 0 for deenergizing reversible motor I13 during either direction of its operation to preventover-running of the operator in either direction of its operation to preclude jamming of any of the parts thereof. Contact 2 is efiective to stop motor I13 during deceleration operation thereof, while contact 2I2 is effective in stopping acceleration operation of the motor. Thus deceleration contact 2 includes a movable contact 2I3 mounted on" a leaf spring 2I4 which normally holds contact 2I3 in engagement with a stationary contact 2I5 also mounted on a leaf spring 2I6. Leaves 2 and blocks 2I9. Similarly, acceleration stop contact 2I2 comprises a movable contact 220 mounted on a leaf spring 22I, which normally holds contact 220 in engagement with a stationary contact 222 mounted on a leaf spring 223. Leaves 22I and 223 are "held in good electrical contact respectively with metal conductor plates 224 and 225, supported and insulated by dielectric blocks similar to blocks 2I9. It may now be seen that when rack 204 moves to the left (Figure 4), i. e., in decelerating direction, post 209 on the end thereof eventually opens contact 2 to deenergize motor I13 and prevent jamming of the mechanism. Similarly, excessive acceleration movement of the rack to the right causes post 2I0- to open acceleration contact 212 and accordingly deenergizes motorll3. It might be noted that posts 209 and 2I0 on the end of rack 204 (Figure 5) are adjustable longitudinally of the rack by reason of the provision of a slot 226 formed therein so that the limits of acceleration and deceleration travel of the rack may be varied as desired.

At the rear of supporting plate I62, as shown Figure 8, are a pair of substantially J-shaped brackets 22! and 228 whose respective shorter legs 229 and 230 are secured to plate I62. The longer leg 23I of bracket 22'! has secured thereto an L-shaped anchor 232 whose depending arm 233 carries a relay 234, one side of which is electrically connected to deceleration stop contact 2", and the other side of which is electrically connected to stationary contact I39 (Figure 17) which is a deceleration contact (see also Figure 18).

Referring back to Figure 8,. the longer arm 235 of bracket 228 has secured thereto an L-shaped anchor 236, the depending arm 231 of which supports what will be termed an acceleration re- .lay 235. One end of the coil of relay 238 is elecof a main fuse 240 (Figure 8) to one side of a manually operated switch 24!, the other side of which is connected to a source of current 242 (Figure 18). Preferably switch 24I (Figure 8) is secured to a terminal block- 243 or the. like, which also carries fuses 239 and 240 so that these several parts may be readily accessible to the driver for manipulation or replacement.

Relay 234 has a core 244 extending from the left-hand end thereof, as viewed in Figure 8, for attraction of an armature 245 when the relay is energized. Armature and is pivotally supported at the angle thereof by a lug 246 secured to the free end of longer leg 23I of J-shaped bracket 22], lug 246 extending through a suitable opening formed in the armatially rigid conductor plates 249, 250, MI, 252,

253 and 254, which are insulated and spaced from one another by a sufilcient number of dielectric blocks 255. As noted above, one end of relay coil 245 is generally L-sh'aped 234 is connected to stop contact 2, and this electrical connection is made by way of plate 249. Plate 258 supports a stationary leaf spring 266, the outer end of which carries a contact 251, which normally engages a contact 258 mounted on the under side of an arm 259 supported by a resilient arm 268, which is electrically connected to and carried by conductor plate I. A spring 26I which is supported by plate 25I biases arm 259 downwardly to effect engagement of contacts 251 and 258. Arm 259 also has secured thereto a downwardly extending pin 262, the lower end of which rests on block 248 of armature arm 241.

' On the upper side of arm 259 near its end is bears against the bottom of a resilient arm carried by and electrically connected to conductor plate 253 and biased downwardly by a leaf spring 268 carried between adjacent blocks 255. Arm 261 carries a contact 269, which is engageable with but normally out of engagement with a contact 218 carried on the bottom side of a stationary arm 21I supported by and electrically connected to conductor plate 254. It may now be seen that when relay 234 is energized, armature 245 is attracted thereto, which causes its arm 241 to move pin 262 upwardly. This results in upward movement of arm 259, causing separation of contacts 251 and 258, engagement of contacts 263 and 264, and upward movement of pin 266 which engages contacts 269 and 218.

Bracket 228 for relay 238 also supports a plurality of conductor plates and contacts substantially similar to those as are supported by bracket 221. Accordingly, it will sufilce to point out that bracket 228 supports conductor plates 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 and 211. Plate 212 is included in the electrical connection between relay 238 and stop contact 2 I 2. Plate 213 supports a stationary contact 218, while plate 214 carries an arm 219 on the lower and upper sides of which, respectively, are mounted contacts 288 and 28I, the former of which is normally in engagement with contact 218, and the latter of which is engageable with a contact 282 carried by plate 215. Plates 216 and 211 respectively carry contacts 283 and 284, which are normally out of engagement with but which are engaged by upward movement of a pin 285 carried by arm 219. Arm 219 includes a downwardly extending pin 286 which rests against a dielectric block 281 carried on one arm of an L-shaped armature 288 pivotally supported by leg 235 of bracket 228, and this armature is attracted to the core 289 of relay 238 upon energization of the relay.

Contacts 251, 258, 263 and 264 are relay hold ing contacts for relay 234, and contacts 218, 288, 28I and 282 are relay holding contacts for relay 238. Contacts 269 and 218, at, the upper lefthand corner of Figure 8, might be termed motor operating contacts, as engagement therebetween upon energization of relay 234 completes a circuit from the source of power to one side of the field of motor I13. Likewise, contacts 283 and 284, at the upper right-hand corner of Figure 8, may be termed operating contacts, as engagement therebetween upon energization of relay 238 closes the circuit which connects a source of power to the other side of the field of reversible motor I13. The mention between the above-mentioned holding contacts and operating contacts, operated by relays 234 and 238, will be described in detail hereinbelow in connection with a description of the wiring diagram shown in Figure 18.

As noted hereinbefore, motor I13 (Figure 4) is reversible, and to effect this reversal in operation of the motor, contacts operated by relays 234 and 238 are provided. As shown in Figure 11A, bracket leg 23I supports a plurality of conductor plates 298, MI, 292 and 293, these plates being held in spaced and insulated relationship by insulating blocks 294 disposed therebetween. Plate 298 is electrically connected to relay 234 and to plate 252 (Figure 8) which is electrically connected to contact 264. Plate 29I is clamped by adjacent blocks 294 against an arm 295, which carries on its top side and at its end a contact 296. Contact 296 normally engages a movable contact 291 mounted on the bottom side of an arm 298 connected to a resilient arm clamped between conductor plate 292 and block 294. A spring 388 clamped between plate 292 and one of blocks 294 urges arms 298 and 299 downwardly to maintain contact between contacts 296 and 291. A contact 38I is mounted on the top side of arm 298 and is engageable with, but normally disengaged from, a contact 382 carried by an arm 383 supported by conductor plate 293. Contact 38: is connected by way of plate 292 to one side of the motor field, and contact 382 is connected by way of plate 293 to the motor armature. Hence, when thes two contacts engage during energization of relay 234, the motor runs in a direction to effect deceleration operation of the operator. Energization of relay 234 eifects engagement of contacts 38l and 382 by reason of plate 298 being lifted by a pin 3I5 biased downwardly against block 248 on armature arm 241 by spring 388.

Bracket leg 235 (Figure 9A) of bracket 228, which supports relay 238, has mounted thereon contacts and conductor plates substantially similar to those on bracket leg 23I (Figure 11A). Hence, it will suffice to point out, with reference to Figure 9A, that plates 384, 385, 386 and 381 are supported in spaced, insulated relationship, plates 385 and 381 carrying stationary contacts 388 and 389 respectively, while plate 386 is electrically connected to a resiliently supported arm 3l8 on the lower and upper sides of which are mounted respectively contacts 3 and 3l2, the former normally engaging contact 388 by reason of the downward bias of arm 3l8 by a spring 3I3, and the latter of which is normally spaced from, but is engageable with contact 389 upon energization of relay 238. Contact 389 is connected by way of plate 381 to the motor armature, and contacts 3 and 3l2 are connected by way of plate 386 to the other side of the motor field so that upon energization of relay 238 its armature 288 raises a pin to lift plate 3l8, and hence engage contacts 389 and 3l2 causing the motor to effect acceleration operation of the operator.

Referring now to Figure 12, it may be seen that hub I18 includes a winding drum 3I6 having an enlarged portion 3I1 on both of which carburetor cable 43 winds or unwinds during operation of clutch element I68. When clutch elements I68 and I69 are engaged and are rotating clockwise, as viewed in Figure 5, winding drum 3I6 (Figure 4) is rotated so that cable 43 unwinds therefrom to close the carburetor valve and hence eifect deceleration of the car.

Similarly, counterclockwise movement. or the clutch elements and winding drum winds cable 43 on the winding drum to open the carburetor valve and accelerate the car. The acceleration of deceleration of the car is always reflected in the attitude of the governor weights, 3336 (Figure 14) which, as pointed out above, "control v the position or contacts I45 and I 43 (Figure 17) with respect to contacts I33 and I39, respectively, to'energize the operator motor I13 (Figure 4) for operation in one direction or the other. ever, if winding drum 3| Grotates at its normal rate in accelerating or decelerating movement, the carburetor valve will be excessively opened or closed, because during acceleration the momentum of the car will cause the car velocity to exceed the desired rate during acceleration, and

during deceleration the operator closes the carburetor valve at a rate which exceeds the rate of the car deceleration, and this also by reason of the momentum of the car. Hence the natural tendency is to overshoot the selected desired rate of speed during acceleration, and undershoot the speed during deceleration. To rectify this condition, I have provided mechanisms which effect intermittent actuation of the operator as the desired level of speed is approached, either during acceleration or deceleration, and I will now describe these mechanisms in detail.

As noted hereinabove, in connection with the description of Figure 14, flexible cable 23 rotates rotor 53 by way of worm 5i and gear 52, which are so proportioned that the rotor rotates preferably on the order of 16 revolutions per mile, i.-e., one revolution each thirty-three feet of car travel. Hence, for every thirty-three feet of car travel, rotating contacts 51 and 58 engage contacts 60 and 6! respectively and also contacts 1! and 12 respectively, and these contacts will hereinafter be referred to as interrupter contacts. These interrupter contacts are ineffective during the major portion of the acceleration and deceleration periods, and are shunted out of the operating circuits to the operator motor, by two different sets of shunt contactsoperated by the speedometer shown in Figure 14 and rack 204 (Figure 4) as will be described in detail hereinafter.

Referring now to Figure 4, base plate I62 preferably includes a substantially vertical face M3 on which a plate 319 is slidably mounted as for example by screws 320 which extend through slots in plate 3I9 and are threaded into face 3 I8 (see also Figure 11). A U-shaped bracket 321 (Figure is screwed to plate 3I3, and to its upper horizontal arm are connected a pair of spaced dielectric blocks 322 and 323. The lower horizontal arm of bracket 32! also supports a pair of spaced dielectric blocks 324 and 325.

A contact arm 326 carrying on its lower surface a contact 321 is resiliently connected to block 322 and is biased downwardly by a spring 328 also secured to the block. A lower rigid contact arm 329 supports a contact 330 which is normally engaged by contact 321, contact arm 323 being secured to a dielectric block 33l which insulates contact arm 326 from arm 323. Block 324 also supports a pair of contact arm 332 and 333 which are spaced and insulated from one another by a dielectric block 334. Arm 332 is resiliently mounted on block 324 and is biased upwardly by a leaf spring 335. A pair of contacts 336 and 331 are connected respectively to contact arms 332 and 333, and by reason of the upward bias of arm 332 are normally in engagement. Contacts 321 and How- 330 and contacts 336 and 331 are shunt contacts which coact with interrupter contacts 51 and 50 (Figure 14) to shunt the interrupter contacts out or the motor circuit, except when the car speed is approaching that desired. When these shunt contacts are in engagement, the interrupter contacts are ineffective. When either pair oi! shunt contacts, however, is out of engagement, the in-, terrupter contacts are effective to cause intermittent operation of the operator which, of course, decreases the rate at which the carburetor is opening or closing, as the case may be.

As diagrammatically shown in Figure 6, rack 204 is indicated as moving in decelerating direction, by reason of the clockwise rotation of shaft I05, and accordingly pinion 203, which meshes with and moves the rack. As shown in Figures 4 and 10, a stud 338 extends through the rack and is suitably secured thereto and has mounted on its left-hand end (see Figure 10) a hub 333 or the like, on which are formed upwardly and downwardly extending cams 340' and 34I,respectively (Figure 6). Upper cam 340 is so ar ranged that as it passes beneath contact arms 326 and 329 it engages a pin 342 to bias arm 326 upwardly and thus cause contacts 321 and 330 .to operate. Operation of these contacts breaks the shunt circuit about interrupter contacts 51 and 53 (Figure 14) to effectuate energization of the interrupter circuit.. Similarly, lower rack cam 34l (Figure 7) is so arranged that when it passes .near the ends of contact arms'332 and 333, it engages a pin 343 secured to arm 332 to bias this arm downwardly and cause separation of contacts 336 and 331. The separation of these con-- tacts efiectuates energization of the-interrupter circuit during deceleration operation of the operator. T

In order for cams 340 and 34l on rack 204 to operate at the proper periods, the above-dedsscribedshunt contacts, which are controlled by the cams, are adjustable longitudinally of the rack so that they may be coordinated with the speedometer setting and positioned in relation to the speed lever at which it is desired to maintain the car. As noted above with reference to Figure 4, these shunt contacts are mounted on adjustable plate nected. Hence, adjustment of knob 24 to set-the speedometer contacts as described above eilects adjustment of plate 3I9 (Figure 5) to a coordinated position wherein the shunt contacts shown in Figures 6 and 7 efiectuate the operation of the interrupter circuits as described. The specific operation of the interrupter circuits and their shunt circuits will be described in detail hereinbelow.

With reference to Figure '4, there is a constant clockwise bias on winding drum 3l6 or clutch element I68, which may be effected in any suitable manner, as by springs or the like (not shown) so as to maintain clutch dogs I15 in constant engagement with pins I14 on clutch element I68, while the clutch elements are engaged, in order that forward and reverse operation of the operator motor I13 may be reflected in the various parts driven thereby. This bias is, however, yieldable open operation of the foot accelerator (not shown) on the floor of the car so that the carburetor may be opened manually and the car speed increased at any desired time by the driver. Thus, if the driver desires to increase his speed above that selected for automatic maintenance and he depresses his accelerator, cable 43, which is connected to the foot accelerator through the carburetor lever, eii'ects counter- 3I9, to which wire 35 (Figure 1) is con-' clockwise rotation of winding drum 3I6 and also clutch element I68 which is possible because clutch dogs I are pivotally mounted as described, so as to ride over clutch pins l14-upon counterclockwise movement of clutch element I68. Depression of the foot accelerator overcomes the clockwise bias on clutch element I68, which permits a spring 352, the opposite ends of which are connected to post I81 and rack 204 to draw the rack to the right, as shown in Figure 4. This results in counterclockwise or winding movement of drum 3 which accordingly maintains cable 43 taut.

When the carburetor throttle is completely closed, cable 43 is unwound from drum 3I6 so that the initial winding of the cable is about the reduced portion of the drum. This effects an even relatively slow opening of the carburetor so that surplus gasoline is not supplied to the automobile engine during the first part of the acceleration period, so as to prevent wasteful stuffing of the engine with surplus fuel.

Practically all modern cars are equipped with a foot accelerator, actuation of which prescribes a definite and often unnatural posture on the part of the driver from which he cannot readily move without either taking his foot from the accelerator, depressing or releasing it. The distance between the accelerator pedal and the back of the front seat of the car, while adjustable in many cases, is more or less predetermined by the car manufacturer, and this distance is ,not always suited to the length of the drivers legs. While many car seats are adjustable, their adjustment is provided primarily to permit free movement of the arms with relation to the steering wheel, rather than to accommodate the drivers leg length to the accelerator pedal. Hence, it may be seen that two or three foot pedals 45 may be located where and as desired beneath the steering wheel of the car on the floorboard thereof so as to relieve the unnatural and fatigue-producing attitude which the driver otherwise assumes in operating the foot accelerator.

As described above, hub I18 is movable axially of shaft I65 (Figure 12) this movement being possible by reason of the hub and also winding drum 3I6 being secured to a sleeve 344-by pins 345 or the like. the sleeve being slidable axially along shaft I65. A friction disc 346 is secured to the left end of shaft I65, as viewed in Figure- 12, or to collar I66 as desired so as to rotate therewith, this disc being provided with an annular recess 341 which receives the left-hand end of sleeve 344 when the sleeve and the parts connected thereto are in the position shown. Sleeve 344 has a collar loosely mounted thereon, but the movement of this collar is restricted by pins 349 or the like extending from sleeve 344 into suitable slots 350 in collar 348. A spring 35I is coiled about sleeve 344 and is disposed between winding drum 3I6 and collar 348 so as to bias the right-hand side of collar 348 against pins 349.

When clutch elements I68 and I69 are disengaged, element I68 tends to rotate rapidly in clockwise direction, as described above, by reason of the bias thereon. This, however, would result in too rapid closing of the carburetor, and it is to the prevention of this that I have provided.

the parts just described hereinabove. Thus, when clutch element I68 and accordingly sleeve 344 and collar 348 move to the left, this collar is urged against friction disc 346 by spring 35I, the

friction between the two parts increasing as the left-hand end of the sleeve enters friction disc 346, thus slowing up the rate of rotation of the sleeve and accordingly winding drum 3I6 and preventing too rapid ,closing of the carburetor. If desired, the same results can be accomplished by use of a suitable dash-pot arrangement (not shown).

For eflicient operation of my control apparatus during travel of the car up and down grade, supplemental acceleration and deceleration controls are preferably provided. When the car is going up grade, the controller is continuously opening the throttle which it continues to do until the engine'is developing suillcient power to overcome the grade and maintain the car speed at the desired level. If, however, the speed slightly exceeds the desired value, the mechanism described hereinabove acts to close the throttle and decelerate the car, and it is this deceleration which is desirably controlled by the supplemental mechanism, as it is more rapid by reason of the grade. In other words, it is desirable that the throttle be closed more gradually than it would under level operating conditions so as not to result in such a sudden loss of power as would drop the car speed well below that desired. Similar control of accelerating action of the controller when the car is going down grade is also desirable, as under such circumstances it is undesirable that the throttle be opened as rapidly as it would be under level operating conditions, by reason of the fact that the down grade increases the normal rate of acceleration. To these ends I provide the mechanism now to be described.

With reference to Figure 10, stud 338 on rack 204 also carries an outer hub 353, having formed thereon serrated upper and lower cams 354 and 355 respectively (see also Figure 5). These cams ride between insulating blocks 323 and 325 (Figure 10) the former of which supports a pair of contact arms 356 (Figure 5) and 351. Arm 356 is biased downwardly by a'spring 358 and carries on its under side a contact 359 which normally engages a contact 360 supported on the upper side of contact arm 351. The free end of arm 356 has a pin 36I extending downwardly therefrom in the path of upper cam.354.

Similarly, lower insulating block 325 supports a pair of contact arms 362 and 363, the former of which is biased upwardly by a spring 364. A pair of contacts 365 and 366 are mounted respectively on arms 362 and 363, and by reason of the upward bias of arm 362 these contacts are normally in engagement. The free end of arm 362 carries an upwardly extending pin 361, the upper end of which lies in the path of travel of lower cam 355.

As noted above, the upper surface of cam'354 is serrated so that as pin 36! rides over the cam, contacts 359 and 360 are intermittently separated. When these contacts are separated, a shunt circuit, which will be described below, is broken so that the operator operates intermittently. A similar effect is produced when the serrated surface of cam 355 passes over pin 361, to intermittently disengage contacts 365 and 366.

Contacts 359 and 360 may be termed up-grade deceleration shunt contacts, and these contacts are connected to contacts in a pendulum switch generally indicated at 368 (Figures 1 and 3). Contacts 365 and 366 (Figure 5) may be termed down-grade acceleration shunt contacts, and these contacts are also connected to another set of contacts in pendulum switch 368 (Figure 1).

Pendulum switch 368 (Figure 3) includes a suitable housing 369 within which a pendulum 318 is pivoted as at 31I. The upper end of arm 318 is pivotally connected to the lower end of an arm 312 which in turn is pivoted in casing 369 as at 313. The upper end of arm 312 has a pair of arcuate supports 314 and 315 secured thereto, and these supports respectively carry contacts 316 and 311. A pair of stationary supports 318 and 319 are mounted in housing 369, and have mounted on the upper ends thereof, respectively,

stationary contacts 388 and 38I properly positioned for engagement by contacts 316 or 311 in accordance with the swing of the pendulum. When the car is going uphill, contacts 316 and 388 tend to disengage; contacts 311 and 38! tending to disengage when the car is on a down grade. The former set of contacts are connected to shunt contacts 359 and 368, while the latter set of pendulum contacts are connected to shunt contacts 365 and 366 (Figure 5) as will be more fully described below.

Operation The operation of my automatic control will now be described. Assuming that the driver of the car desires to maintain a speed of 40 miles per hour, for example, he adjusts knob 24 (Figure 1) accordingly, and this adjustment through shaft 25 and cable 35 adjusts respectively the speedometer contacts shown in Figure 17 and plate 3 I9 (Figure 5) to properly position the rack contacts shown in Figures 6 and 7. Main switch 24I (Figure 18) is closed and foot pedal 45 (Figure 1) is depressed to close contact 281 (Figure 18) which is connected through main fuse 248 and switch 24I to the battery 242. Contact 281 is connected by a line 382 to relay fuse 239 which is in turn connected by a line 383 to deceleration stop contact 2I I as at a terminal 384. A line 385 connects deceleration stop contact 2 with acceleration stop contact 2I2, the former stop contact being connected to relay coil 234 by a line 386, and the latter stop contact being connected to relay coil 238 by a line 381. Deceleration relay coil 234 is connected by a line 388 to adjustable deceleration speedometer contact I39 while acceleration relay coil 238 is connected by a line 389 to the adjustable speedometer acceleration contact !33, one or the other of speedometer contacts I33 and I39 being engageable by governor controlled contacts I45 and I46, respectively, depending upon the operative condition of the car.

Contacts I39 and I46 are in engagement when the car speed exceeds that desired, and hence control the operation of motor I13 in closing the throttle. Similarly, speedometer contacts I133 and I45 are in engagement when the car speed is less than that desired to effect energization of motor I13 so as to open the throttle.

It will now appear that two control circuits are provided. The first of these will be hereinafter termed the deceleration control circuit and will be generally referred to as circuit A, this circuit comprising contact 281, line 382, fuse 239, line 383, terminal 384, stop contact 2i 1, line 386, relay coil 234, line 388 and speedometer contacts I39 and I46, the latter of which is grounded. What will hereinafter be termed the acceleration control circuit and generally referred to as circuit B, includes terminal 384, line 385, stop contact 2I2, line 381, relay coil 238, line 389 and speedometer contacts I33 and I45, the latter of which i grounded.

Deceleration relay coil 234 is connected by a line 398 to stationary relay holding contact 264 which, when circuit A is energized by the closing of contacts I39 and I46, attracts movable relay holding contact 263. Acceleration relay coil 238 is connected by a line 39I to stationary relay holding contact 282 on the other relay adapted to contact with movable relay holding contact 28I upon energization of circuit B. Movable contacts 263 and NI coact respectively with stationary contacts 251 and 218 which are connected by a line 392 in turn connected to a line 393 which leads to ground.

Thus, when circuit A is energized, contacts 263 and 264 engage to energize a circuit leading from battery 242 through relay coil 234, including lin 398, contacts 264 and 263, contacts 288 and 218, lines 392 and 393, to ground. Similarly, energization of circuit B, which results in the closing of contacts 28I and 282 sets up a circuit through relay 238, this circuit including line 39I, contacts 282 and 28I, contacts 258 and 251 and lines 392 and 393, to ground.

As noted above, deceleration relay coil 234 is part of a relay which also includes on set of contacts 283 and 284, and also a second set of contacts including stationary contacts 388 and 389 and a movable contact 3I2. When circuit A is energized to close relay holding contacts 263 and 264, relay contacts 283 and 284 also close, and at the same time contact 3I2 engages contact 389 of the second set of relay operating contacts. The closing of these contacts establishes a circuit in battery 242 as follows: main contact 281, a lin 394, a line 395, contacts 284 and 283, a line 396 which is connected to grade control rack contact 359, the other rack contact 368, a line 391, rack contacts 321 and 338, a line 398, relay contacts 296 and 291, motor field I13 as line 399, relay contacts 3I2 and 389, a line 488, a, line 48I, motor armature "3:1, to ground. This circuit will hereinafter be termed the deceleration operating circuit, and will be generally referred to as circuit C. Energization of circuit 0 thus energizes control motor I13 to actuate the operator in a direction to close the carburetor throttle.

The acceleration relay, which includes coil 238 and holding contacts 28I and 282 also includes two other sets of operating contacts, one set including contacts 269 and 218, and the other set including stationary contacts 296 and 382 and movable contacts 3M and 291, which cooperate with the stationarycontacts. Upon energization of acceleration relay coil 238, movable contact 3M and stationary contact 382 engage. This energization of the acceleration relay coil and resultant closing of holding contacts 28I and 282 establishes what will hereinafter be termed the acceleration operating circuit, which circuit will be referred to as operating circuit D. Circuit D accordingly includes battery 242, line 394, relay contacts 218 and 269, a line 482, grade control rack contacts 365, 366, a line 483, rack controlled shunt contacts 336 and 331, a line 484, relay contacts 388 and 3! I, line 399, motor field I13f, contacts 38I and 382, line 48I, motor armature I13a.

to ground. It will be seen from the description I control circuits B and A. The spacing between the speedometer contacts is such that but a slight variation in car speed effects energization of that on of the controlling circuits A and B necessary to rectify the variation of car speed from that desired. Hence, energization of control circuit A, which results from excessive car sp ed, energizes operating circuit C to effect operation of the operator in throttle closing direction. Reduction of car speed below that desired results in energization of control circuit B and deenergization of operating circuit A, thus causing operation of the operator in the opposite direction to open the throttle.

Inasmuch as speedometer contacts I39 and I46 or speedometer contacts I33 and I45 break before their corresponding relay holding contacts 263, 264 or 28I, 282, there is no arcing at the speedometer contacts. To prevent arcing of relay contacts 283 and 284 in circuit C, a condenser 405 is connected across these contacts. Similarly, to prevent arcing of relay operating contacts 269 and 210 in circuit D, a condenser 406 is connected across these latter contacts. Adjustment of contacts on the deceleration relay is made so that contacts 283 and 284 open before contacts 309 and 3I2. Thus, the condenser 405 protects the contacts which actually interrupt the motor current in circuit C for the same purpose relay operating contacts 269 and 210 in circuit D are adjusted to open before contacts 30I and 302.

As hereinbefore noted, when the speed of the car approaches the desired selected rate, it is desirable to effect intermittent operation of controller motor I13 so as not to overshoot or undershoot the desired speed. It will be recalled that the speedometer device shown in Figures 13 and 14 includes interrupter contacts 51 and 5B, which intermittently engage stationary contacts 60, SI and 69, (Figure 18) respectively connected to circuits D and C. These interrupter contacts are ineffective during the major portion of the acceleration and deceleration periods, and are shunted out of circuits C and D by two different sets of shunt contacts operated by the speedometer and rack 204 (Figures 6 and 7) respectively. As it is desirable that current be steadily supplied to the motor I13 during the major portion of the acceleration and deceleration periods interrupter shunt contacts I56, I51, I58 and I59 (lower left-hand portion of Figure 18) are provided as hereinbefore described. Shunt contacts I56 and I51 engage respectively contacts I3I and I32 during acceleration of the car being forced thereagainst by reason of the bias of the spring on the speedometer shaft hereinabove described, which is tensioned by the setting of the speedometer arm III at the speed to be maintained also described above. This bias, of course. effects the engagement between the movable contacts and the stationary contacts, until the speedometer governor has attained such speed as is sufficient to relieve the bias of the spring. As the clearance between speedometer contacts I45, I46 and contacts I33 and I39 is on the order of .006 of an inch, and as the clearance between contacts I56, I51 and I3I, I32, for example, is on the order of of an inch, the latter set of contacts breaks before the former, thus breaking the shunt circuit to permit intermittent operation of the interrupter contacts. Interrupter shunt contacts I3I and I32 are connected respectively to lines 401 and 408 which are in turn respectively connected to terminals 409 and 4I0. Terminal 409 is connected by a line 4| I to line 404 and terminal U0 is connected as described above to line 402, by way of line 403 and contacts 366 and 365. Thus the circuit which includes terminals 409 and M0 comprises a shunt circuit which bypasses interrupter contacts51, 58 and 60. 6I. It should also be noted that condenser 406 is also connected across these interrupter contacts and thus prevents excessive arcing thereof.

As hereinbefore noted, another shunt circuit for these interrupter contacts is provided, this latter shunt circuit including rack contacts 336 and 331, the former of which is movable by means of cam 34I on the operator rack 204. Cam 34I engages contact 336 at a point near to that point of the racks travel at which the desired throttle opening is attained so that the shunt circuit which by-passes the interrupter is broken. This latter shunt circuit, i. e., the one controlled by rack contacts 336 and 331 is provided primarily to preclude overshooting of the desired speed while the car is operating on the level. Breaking of rack contacts 336 and 331 is, however, ineffective to break the shunt circuit if there is a continued demand for power, by reason of an upgrade. Under such circumstances, the tendency is toward decrease in car speed, which results, of course, in the engagement of speedometer contacts I56 and I51 with stationary contacts I3I and I32, thus establishing the shunt circuit around the interrupters 51, 50, 60, 6|, regardless of the position of rack contacts 336 and 331.

Similar shunt circuits are provided for interrupter contacts 51, 58 and 69, 10 (lower righthand corner of Figure 18) which by-pass the interrupter during deceleration of the car.

As shown in the lower left-hand corner of Figure 18, speedometer contacts I58 and I59 engage respectively stationary contacts I31 and I38 during deceleration. Stationary contacts I31 and I38 are connected respectively to lines M2 and H3, in turn respectively connected to terminals H4 and 4I5. Terminal 4I4 is connected to line 396 by way of line 391 and rack contacts 359, 360, terminal 4I5 being connected to line 398. Thus a shunt circuit is provided, which bypasses interrupter contacts 51, 58 and 69, 10, across which condenser 405 is connected to prevent excessive arcing. As in the case of the acceleration shunt circuits, there is a second deceleration shunt for interrupter contacts 51, 58 and 69, 10, this latter shunt circuit including contacts 321 and 330, the former of which is movable by rack cam 340 which engages the contact at a point near to that point of the racks travel at which the desired throttle setting is attained so that the shunt circuit which bypasses the. interrupter contact is broken. Here again this shunt circuit, 1. e., the one controlled by rack contacts 321 and 330 is provided primarily for level travel of the car. It should also be noted that separation of contacts 321 and 330 is ineffective to break the shunt circuit if there is no demand for power by reason of a down grade. Under such circumstances the tendency is for the car speed to increase which, of course, results in the engagement of speedometer contacts I58 and I59 with contacts I31 and I38 thus establishing the shunt circuit around the interrupter regardless of the position of rack contacts 321 and 330.

It will now appear that operating circuits C and D are energized continuously as long as full deceleration or acceleration is necessary, as where the car is going down or up hill, these circuits being energized intermittently only when the desired car speed is approached.

As hereinbefore briefly noted, supplemental acceleration and deceleration controls are necessary for efiicient operation of the speed controller during travel of the car up and down grade. When the car is going up grade, for ex ample, the'controller is continuously opening the throttle, which it continues to do until the engine is developing sufficlent power to overcome the grade and maintain the car speed at the desired value. If, however, the speed slightly exceeds the desired value, the controller of course acts to close the throttle, i. e., decelerate the car and it is this deceleration which must be controlled. In other words, the decelerating action of controller rack 204 (Figure 6) is desirably interrupted so that the closing of the throttle will be gradual and will not result in such a sudden loss of power as will pull the car speed well below that desired.

To this end pendulum controlled contacts 316, 380 and 311, 38! (Figures 3 and 18) are provided, the former pair of which tend to separate when the car is going up grade and the latter pair of which separate when the car is going down hill. Pendulum contacts 316, 380 are connected to rack contacts 359 and 369, as shown in the lower right-hand portion of Figure 18, and with lines 396 and 391 connect line 396 of operating circuit C to the operator motor. Thus, when the car is going up hill and it is desired to control the rate I of closing movement of the throttle, in the event the car speed exceeds that desired so as to avoid too rapid deceleration, pendulum contacts 315 and 380 are out of engagement, but lines 396 and 391 are connected by rack contacts 359 and 360 until rack cam 355 acts on movable contact 359. When this occurs. engagement between rack contacts 359 and 360 is intermittent, and thus the bypass around interrupter contacts 57, 58 and 69, 10 is intermittently broken. If the bypass circuit is broken while the interrupter contacts are separated, the operator motor is, of course, deenergized and does not act to close the throttle and will not again be energized until either the interrupter contacts close or the rack contacts 359 and 360 engage, by reason of the former riding into a notch on the serrated cam 354. Hence, the rate of decelerating operation of the operator is slowed down and accordingly the rate at which the throttle is closed is lessened to avoid over-deceleration as would otherwise result from the car speed dropping well below that desired.

As pointed out above, rack contacts 359 and 360 (Figure 5) are also mounted on adjustable plate 3l9, and hence are moved into the critical range when knob 24 (Figure 1) is set.

Down grade pendulum contacts 311 and 38! Figures 3 and 18) which prevent over-acceleration, work in substantially the same manner as the deceleration control contacts just described to prevent excessive opening of the throttle by the operator when the car speed during down grade travel falls below the desired level. Thus,

while going down grade, acceleration control contacts 3'1! and 38! (upper right-hand portion of Figure 18) are separated so that the by-pass circuit around interrupter contacts 51, 58 and 60. 6! is completed only through rack contacts 365 and 366. The former of these contacts, however, is under the control of serrated rack cam 355, which intermittently moves this contact out of engagement with contact 366. When this happens, the

by-pass around the interrupter contacts is broken, and as these interrupter contacts are separated, the operator motor is deenergized, which precludes further opening of the throttle. It accordingly may be seen that excessive acceleration during down grade travel at the critical speed is precluded and thus prevents such acceleration as would increase the car speed well above that desired. Q

As shown in Figure 1, a set of indicator lights M6, 4!! and 4! 8 is preferably provided. Light 4!! is connected by a line 420 to battery 242 through main contact 20! and accordingly upon closing of main switch 24! and closing of the main contact, is lit to indicate that the operator is energized. Light 4!5 (lower right-hand portion of Figure 18) is connected by a line 42! to line 395 of operating circuit C so that when this circuit, which is the deceleration circuit, is energized, light M6 is lit to indicate this condition. Light 4H5 is connected by a line 422 to line 402 of operating circuit D which is the acceleration circuit, and hence energization of this circuit is indicated by light 4E8. Thus the driver of the car can determine at a glance whether the operator is running and whether it is running in throttle closing or opening direction.

Under certain conditions of operation of the car, it may be desirable that the car speed be decreased and maintained at such decreased value without, however, changing the setting of knob 24 (Figure 1). For example, if the driver is operating at 40 miles per hour and approaches an area at which the speed limit is 25 miles per hour, it is desirable to attain the lower speed and maintain it without changing the setting of the operator. To this end, as is shown in Figure 1, foot pedal 45, which includes a button and plunger 45a, has formed in the latter a notch 423 which engages a movable detent or the'like (not shown) when the driver slightly releases his foot pressure on the foot pedal. By so doing, and with reference to Figure 4, main contact 20'! is broken, thus totally deenergizing operator motor H3: but clutch elements !68 and H39 are not disengaged, so that the throttle setting is maintained. If the drii er of the car then takes his foot completely off the pedal 45 (Figure l) the clutch elements !58 and !69 (Figure 4) completely disengage, under which circumstances the throttle tends to close. If shortly thereafter the car driver again depresses pedal 45, but only to the point where notch 423 engages its detent not shown) and does so before the throttle is completely closed, the car speedwill tend to remain at the lower level, corresponding to the decreased throttle opening. Of course, complete depression of foot pedal 45 (Figure 1) by the car driver will again close main contact 20! (Figure 4.) resulting in normal operation of the operator to increase the car speed to the level desired.

As hereinbefore noted, cable 23 which connects speedometer 22 with the stepped up gearing (not shown) is flexible. Cable of this character is, of course, available in various diameters and its construction mayconsist of from four to eleven wires in coil spring shape, each one of which is wound over the other in clockwise and counter-clockwise direction so as to form a cable which will have the least amount of torque. These various sized cables therefore afford a selection of one to be used which will maintain an even pull or rotation on any mechanism which is attached to the power takeofi end of the cable. It should also be noted that a speed- 

